Nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke

Increasing developments in the field of nanotechnology have ignited its use in stroke diagnosis and treatment. The benefits of structural modification, ease of synthesis, and biocompatibility support the use of nanomaterials in the clinic. The pathophysiology of stroke is complex, involving different brain regions; hence, therapeutic agents are required to be delivered to specific regions. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be engineered to help improve the delivery and release of therapeutic agents in a localized manner, especially in the penumbra. This contributes not only to therapy, but also to neurosurgery and neuroimaging. Nanomaterials also offer high efficacy with few adverse effects. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the caveats associated with nanotechnology with respect to stroke therapy and diagnosis.