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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Does thyroid-sparing total laryngectomy decrease the risk of hypothyroidism?

G Viljoen1, J K McGuire1, A Alhadad1

  • 1Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|November 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preserving the whole thyroid during total laryngectomy significantly reduces hypothyroidism risk compared to removing one lobe. This thyroid-sparing approach is recommended for selected laryngeal cancer patients.

Keywords:
Head And Neck CancerHypothyroidismLaryngeal CancerLaryngectomyThyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend thyroid lobectomy with total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer.
  • Thyroid lobectomy carries a significant risk of hypothyroidism (32-89%), potentially exacerbated by adjuvant radiotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence of hypothyroidism after thyroid-sparing total laryngectomy versus hemithyroidectomy.
  • To evaluate the impact of preserving the entire thyroid gland on postoperative hypothyroidism rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study conducted at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
  • Inclusion criteria applied to eighty-four patients undergoing total laryngectomy.

Main Results:

  • Overall hypothyroidism incidence was 45.2%.
  • Thyroid-sparing total laryngectomy showed a significantly lower incidence of hypothyroidism compared to hemithyroidectomy (p = 0.037).
  • Adjuvant radiotherapy was significantly associated with increased hypothyroidism (p = 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid-preserving laryngectomy is advisable for carefully selected patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma.
  • This approach effectively reduces the incidence of hypothyroidism post-laryngectomy.