Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

5.3K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
5.3K
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

2.3K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
2.3K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

6.0K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
6.0K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

1.7K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
1.7K
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

2.5K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
2.5K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

1.9K
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dorsal striatal circuit mechanisms contributing to astrocyte modulation of alcohol-related behaviors.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Decomposing the modulation of interactions between neuronal populations.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Neurometabolic depletion with ketamine during sevoflurane anaesthesia.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

The anterior cingulate cortex modulates pupil-linked arousal.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Multimodal analysis reveals cellular diversity and divergent circuits of the zona incerta.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Early differential impact of MeCP2 mutations on functional networks in Rett syndrome patient-derived human cortical organoids.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Chlorinated VSLSs Surpass HCFCs in CFC-11-Equivalent Emissions for Ozone Layer Depletion in China.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Charge transfer in triphenylamine-tetrazine covalent organic frameworks for solar-driven hydrogen peroxide production.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Vegetation browning patterns under compound soil and atmospheric dryness in northern permafrost ecosystems.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Voltage imaging of CA1 pyramidal cells and SST+ interneurons reveals stability and plasticity mechanisms of spatial firing.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Radical-omics reveals the hydrogen-abstraction pathway of isoprene oxidation.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Toughening elastomer via sequentially activated multi-pathway energy dissipation.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:52

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

9.5K

Distinct prefrontal top-down circuits differentially modulate sensorimotor behavior.

Rafiq Huda1, Grayson O Sipe2, Vincent Breton-Provencher2

  • 1Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. rafiq.huda@rutgers.edu.

Nature Communications
|November 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) directs distinct sensorimotor behaviors through separate pathways. ACC outputs to the superior colliculus control motor responses, while those to the visual cortex aid sensory processing.

More Related Videos

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

26.7K
Author Spotlight: Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning
14:47

Author Spotlight: Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning

Published on: April 21, 2023

3.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:52

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

9.5K
Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

26.7K
Author Spotlight: Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning
14:47

Author Spotlight: Combined Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Probe Sensorimotor Control and Learning

Published on: April 21, 2023

3.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for sensorimotor control, involving sensory processing and response selection.
  • Specific circuit mechanisms underlying PFC modulation of sensorimotor behaviors remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct sensorimotor functions of anatomically defined anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) outputs.
  • To elucidate how ACC circuits contribute to processing sensory cues and selecting motor responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a visually guided two-choice behavioral paradigm with complex cue-response mappings in mice.
  • Employed projection-specific two-photon calcium imaging and optogenetic manipulations to analyze neural activity and circuit function.

Main Results:

  • ACC outputs to the superior colliculus were found to primarily coordinate specific motor responses, notably by reducing the superior colliculus's innate response bias.
  • ACC outputs targeting the visual cortex were shown to enhance the sensory processing of visual cues.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated distinct roles for ACC projections: superior colliculus outputs mediate motor control, and visual cortex outputs facilitate sensory processing.
  • Established a novel circuit motif for PFC function, where non-overlapping pathways manage complementary aspects of sensorimotor behavior.