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Protective effect of influenza vaccination on cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Moein Zangiabadian1, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi1, Mehdi Mirsaeidi2

  • 1School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Scientific Reports
|November 27, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Influenza vaccination significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This meta-analysis supports using flu shots as a preventive strategy for patients with CVDs.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health concern.
  • The impact of influenza vaccination on CVD risk remains debated.
  • Evidence-based strategies are needed to mitigate CVD morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the association between influenza vaccination and cardiovascular disease risk.
  • To synthesize findings from randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies.
  • To determine the protective role of influenza vaccination against CVD events.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to November 2019.
  • Random-effects meta-analysis using inverse variance method for pooled risk ratios (RR) and odds ratios (OR).
  • Heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic across 17 identified studies.

Main Results:

  • Meta-analysis of 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed a pooled RR of 0.55 (95% CI 0.41-0.73) for developing CVDs post-vaccination (P=0.00).
  • Cohort studies (n=5) indicated a pooled OR of 0.89 (95% CI 0.77-1.04) for decreased CVD risk.
  • Case-control studies (n=6) revealed a pooled OR of 0.70 (95% CI 0.57-0.86) for reduced CVD development (P=0.00).

Conclusions:

  • The findings strongly support a protective effect of influenza vaccination against cardiovascular events.
  • Influenza vaccination can be considered a valuable preventive strategy for individuals with CVDs.
  • Public health authorities should consider implementing vaccination programs for CVD patients based on this evidence.

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