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Ocean acidification modifies biomolecule composition in organic matter through complex interactions.

Julia Grosse1, Sonja Endres2, Anja Engel2

  • 1Department of Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany. jgrosse@geomar.de.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marine organic carbon (OC) composition shifts with ocean acidification. While dissolved amino acids (AA) showed early responses, particulate AA correlated positively later. Carbohydrate (CHO) changes were indirect, influenced by phytoplankton and nutrient status.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine organic geochemistry
  • Oceanography
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Marine organic carbon (OC) cycling is crucial, with autotrophic production as the source and heterotrophic degradation as the sink.
  • Rising anthropogenic CO2 causes ocean acidification, impacting phytoplankton and bacterial processes, potentially altering OC concentration and composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) on dissolved and particulate amino acids (AA) and carbohydrates (CHO) in Arctic and sub-Arctic planktonic communities.
  • To understand how ocean acidification influences the concentration and composition of key biomolecules in marine ecosystems.

Main Methods:

  • Two large-scale mesocosm experiments were conducted.
  • Planktonic communities were exposed to altered pCO2/pH levels.
  • Concentrations and relative compositions of dissolved and particulate AA and CHO were analyzed across different bloom phases and nutrient conditions.

Main Results:

  • Dissolved AA concentrations responded to pCO2/pH changes during early bloom phases, with less change after nutrient addition.
  • Particulate AA showed a positive correlation in post-bloom phases.
  • Direct responses in CHO concentrations to pCO2/pH were absent, indicating indirect effects mediated by phytoplankton community composition.
  • The relative composition of AA and CHO did not directly change with pCO2 increase, but varied between bloom phases due to nutrient status.

Conclusions:

  • Ocean acidification influences marine biomolecule composition, but responses are complex and multifactorial.
  • Phytoplankton community composition, bloom phase, and nutrient availability significantly mediate the effects of changing pCO2 on organic carbon.
  • Future ocean conditions will likely lead to shifts in biomolecule composition, necessitating further research into these intricate interactions.