Immune Profiles Identification by Vaccinomics After MVA Immunization in Randomized Clinical Study

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Vaccinology
• HIV Research

Background:

• Previous studies highlighted transcutaneous immunization's efficacy in targeting Langerhans cells.
• Transcutaneous immunization preferentially induces CD8 T-cell responses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the safety and immunogenicity of MVA-B vaccine via transcutaneous versus intramuscular routes.
• To explore differences in innate and adaptive immunity quality based on vaccine delivery route.
• To identify early immune events correlating with adaptive immunity strength and quality.

Main Methods:

• Phase Ib randomized clinical trial with 20 HIV-uninfected volunteers.
• Administration of MVA-B vaccine via transcutaneous and intramuscular routes.
• Analysis of transcriptome and serum cytokines to assess innate immune responses.

Main Results:

• MVA-B vaccine demonstrated safety via both routes.
• Transcutaneous vaccination induced CD8 responses without antibodies and minimal gene expression changes.
• Intramuscular vaccination elicited robust IL-6 and interferon signaling, promoting humoral immunity and some CD8 response.

Conclusions:

• Vaccine delivery route significantly influences early innate immune responses.
• Innate immune modulation by vaccine route shapes the quality of adaptive immunity.
• Route-dependent immune responses offer insights for optimized vaccine design.