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Does management of lipid lowering differ between specialists and primary care: Insights from GOAL Canada
Anatoly Langer1, Mary Tan1, Shaun G Goodman1,2
1Canadian Heart Research Centre, North York, ON, Canada.
Insights
Primary care physicians and specialists face similar care gaps in managing high-risk cardiovascular disease patients. Both groups actively manage lipid-lowering therapy, achieving comparable LDL-C goals.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Health Services Research
- Clinical Practice
Background:
- Investigated potential disparities in care gaps between specialists and primary care physicians (PCPs).
- Focused on patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) with elevated LDL-C levels despite maximal statin therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if significant differences in care gaps exist in lipid-lowering therapy management between PCPs and specialists.
- To compare treatment patterns and outcomes in high-risk CVD patients managed by different physician groups.
Main Methods:
- The GOAL Canada study enrolled 2009 patients with CVD or FH and LDL-C > 2.0 mmol/L.
- Physicians received online reminders for treatment recommendations based on Canadian Guidelines during follow-up.
- Data collected on patient demographics, medical history, baseline lipid levels, and medication use.
Main Results:
- 177 physicians (58% PCPs) enrolled patients; baseline characteristics showed minor differences between PCP and specialist cohorts.
- PCPs initially used statins and other therapies more frequently, while specialists increased ezetimibe use by follow-up.
- The proportion of patients achieving the target LDL-C level (< 2.0 mmol/L) was similar between PCPs (42%) and specialists (44%).
Conclusions:
- Both PCPs and specialists are actively involved in managing lipid-lowering therapy for high-risk CVD patients.
- Despite minor patient profile differences, both physician groups encounter similar challenges and care gaps.
- The study highlights comparable effectiveness in achieving LDL-C goals regardless of physician specialty.
Background:
We studied whether significant differences in care gaps exist between specialists and primary care physicians (PCPs).
Methods:
GOAL Canada enrolled patients with CVD or familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and LDL-C > 2.0 mmol/L despite maximally tolerated statin therapy. During follow-up, physicians received online reminders of treatment recommendations based on Canadian Guidelines.
Results:
A total of 177 physicians (58% PCPs) enrolled 2009 patients; approximately half of the patients were enrolled by each physician group. Patients enrolled by specialists were slightly older (mean age 63 years vs 62), female (45% vs 40%), Caucasian (77% vs 65%), and had a slightly higher systolic pressure and lower heart rate. Patients enrolled by specialists had less frequent history of FH, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and liver disease but more frequent history of coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation and premature family history of CVD. There was no significant baseline difference in LDL-C, HDL-C or non-HDL-C, although total cholesterol and triglycerides were slightly higher in patients managed by PCPs. At baseline, PCPs were more likely to use statins (80% vs 73%, P = .0002) and other therapies such as niacin or fibrate (10% vs 6%, P = .0006) but similar use of ezetimibe (24% vs 27%, P = .15). At the end of follow-up, specialists used less statins (70% vs 77%, P = .0005) and other therapies (6% vs 10%, P = .007) but more ezetimibe (45% vs 38%, P = .01) and the same frequency of PCSK9i (28% vs 27%, P = .65). The proportion of patients achieving the recommended LDL-C level of 2.0 mmol/L or below (primary endpoint) was similar at last available visit between specialists and PCPs (44% vs 42%, P = .32).
Conclusion:
Despite minor differences in the clinical profile of their patients, both PCPs and specialists actively participate in the management of lipid-lowering therapy in high-risk CVD patients and experience similar challenges and care gaps.
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