Second near-infrared photothermal materials for combinational nanotheranostics

Area of Science:

• Nanomedicine
• Materials Science
• Oncology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Second near-infrared photothermal therapy (NIR-II PTT) utilizes wavelengths (1000-1500 nm) for improved tissue penetration and reduced toxicity compared to first NIR PTT (750-1000 nm).
• Current challenges in NIR-II PTT include suboptimal photothermal conversion efficiency and limited therapeutic outcomes.
• Multifunctional nanomaterials are being developed to enhance NIR-II PTT efficacy by combining it with other therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in NIR-II photothermal combinational theranostics.
• To highlight the integration of NIR-II PTT with various therapeutic modalities.
• To discuss future perspectives and potential obstacles for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent research on NIR-II photothermal combinational theranostics.
• Analysis of multifunctional inorganic and organic materials for NIR-II PTT.
• Synthesis of information on combined therapies including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and others.

Main Results:

• NIR-II PTT combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic, sonodynamic, chemodynamic, gene, gas, ionic, vascular, and magnetothermal therapies show enhanced therapeutic potential.
• Development of novel multifunctional materials improves photothermal conversion and therapeutic efficacy.
• Combinational approaches address limitations of single-modality treatments for complex diseases like cancer and infection.

Conclusions:

• NIR-II photothermal combinational theranostics represent a promising frontier in treating life-threatening diseases.
• Overcoming challenges in photothermal conversion and material design is crucial for clinical translation.
• Further research into synergistic effects and clinical validation is essential for realizing the full potential of this modality.