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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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RNA matchmaking in chromatin regulation.

Stephen K Wu1,2, Justin T Roberts1,2, Maggie M Balas1,2

  • 1Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus 12801 East 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, U.S.A.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|November 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

RNA molecules regulate chromatin structure through base-pairing interactions, known as RNA matchmaking. This review explores these mechanisms and the methods used to study them, highlighting RNA

Keywords:
RNA matchmakingchromatinlncRNApiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • RNA molecules are not only gene expression products but also crucial regulators of chromatin.
  • A significant portion of the human genome is transcribed into non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) localized in the nucleus.
  • Chromatin regulators interact with nuclear ncRNAs, mediating chromatin regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review RNA matchmaking mechanisms in chromatin regulation.
  • To summarize technical approaches for studying RNA-mediated chromatin events.
  • To highlight recent findings on RNA's role in regulating chromatin processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on RNA matchmaking and chromatin regulation.
  • Summary of experimental techniques used to identify and analyze RNA-DNA and RNA-RNA interactions.
  • Analysis of case studies demonstrating RNA-mediated chromatin modulation.

Main Results:

  • Identified diverse examples of RNA matchmaking regulating chromatin.
  • Detailed various intermolecular base-pairing interactions between RNA and RNA/DNA.
  • Highlighted the growing evidence for direct RNA influence on chromatin structure and function.

Conclusions:

  • RNA matchmaking is a significant mechanism for RNA-mediated chromatin regulation.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate all RNA-mediated chromatin regulation pathways.
  • Advanced technical approaches are crucial for capturing and understanding these RNA-centric regulatory events.