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Q fever vaccines for animals.

N Schmeer¹, P Müller, J Langel

¹Institut für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten der Tiere, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen.

Zentralblatt Fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, Und Hygiene. Series A, Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology

|November 1, 1987

Summary

Q fever vaccines using inactivated whole cells (WC) show promise in preventing Coxiella burnetii infections in cattle and sheep. While some vaccines reduce shedding and symptoms, new antigen preparations may offer improved safety and efficacy.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary immunology
Bacteriology
Vaccinology

Background:

Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, poses a significant threat to livestock health.
Existing vaccines for cattle and sheep have varying degrees of efficacy and potential side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and discuss the efficacy of different Q fever vaccines in cattle and sheep.
To evaluate novel vaccine candidates for improved safety and effectiveness.

Main Methods:

Field trials involving inactivated whole cell (WC) vaccines in phase I and II.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monitoring antibody responses, superseding complement fixation tests (CF).
Evaluation of cell culture-derived antigens and purified proteins as potential vaccine candidates.

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Main Results:

WC phase I and II vaccines prevented infection in calves exposed to natural environments.
Vaccines reduced shedding, lesions, and clinical symptoms in challenged cattle and sheep.
A commercial vaccine improved fertility but caused local reactions; antibody profiles distinguished vaccinated from infected animals.
New antigen preparations showed potential for reduced side effects.

Conclusions:

Inactivated whole cell Q fever vaccines offer protection against infection and disease in livestock.
Further research into novel antigen preparations is warranted to develop safer and more effective vaccines.
ELISA is a valuable tool for monitoring vaccine responses in cattle.