Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Echinococcus multilocularis: A review

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Parasitology
• Zoonotic Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Echinococcus spp. are globally distributed parasites with significant veterinary and human health implications.
• Infections cause substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in livestock.
• Echinococcus granulosus s.l. (cystic echinococcosis) and Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolar echinococcosis) are key species.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of Echinococcus spp. relevant to human and veterinary professionals.
• To synthesize current knowledge on transmission, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control.
• To serve as an introductory resource for understanding these important zoonotic parasites.

Main Methods:

• Literature review synthesizing current knowledge.
• Focus on Echinococcus granulosus s.l. and Echinococcus multilocularis.
• Organized content across four key areas: transmission/epidemiology, clinical signs/pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment/prevention.

Main Results:

• Detailed information on the global distribution and impact of Echinococcus spp. infections.
• Explanation of the distinct clinical presentations and disease progression for CE and AE.
• Overview of diagnostic modalities and current strategies for treatment and prevention.

Conclusions:

• Echinococcus spp. pose significant global health and economic challenges.
• Understanding transmission, pathogenesis, and diagnosis is crucial for effective control.
• Integrated approaches to prevention and treatment are essential for managing echinococcosis.