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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analyses Using the OpenProt Database to Unveil Novel Proteins Translated from Non-Canonical Open Reading Frames
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Analyses Using the OpenProt Database to Unveil Novel Proteins Translated from Non-Canonical Open Reading Frames

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Shedding Light on the Ghost Proteome.

Tristan Cardon1, Isabelle Fournier2, Michel Salzet2

  • 1Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Inserm U1192, University of Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|November 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discover the

Keywords:
SEPsalternative protein (AltProt)hidden proteomemass spectrometrysmProtsmall ORF (smORF)

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were traditionally considered monocistronic, encoding only one protein.
  • Recent large-scale proteomics studies reveal proteins translated from alternative open reading frames (AltORFs) within mRNAs.
  • These alternative proteins, part of the 'Ghost proteome', were previously overlooked and are absent from conventional protein databases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging understanding of the 'Ghost proteome' derived from alternative open reading frames (AltORFs).
  • To highlight the functional significance and implications of these alternative proteins in biological processes.
  • To discuss the potential of the Ghost proteome in identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent proteomics and genomics studies.
  • Analysis of data identifying alternative open reading frames (AltORFs) in eukaryotic mRNAs.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding the functional roles of the 'Ghost proteome'.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a significant 'Ghost proteome' translated from alternative open reading frames (AltORFs).
  • Growing evidence supports the functional roles of these alternative proteins in physiological and physiopathological conditions.
  • The Ghost proteome offers new insights into cellular signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The 'Ghost proteome' represents a significant expansion of the known proteome, challenging the monocistronic mRNA paradigm.
  • Alternative proteins encoded by AltORFs are implicated in fundamental biological functions and disease states.
  • Understanding the Ghost proteome opens avenues for novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.