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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
Published on: January 28, 2019
Post Vaccination Epidemiology and Genotyping of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis at a Tertiary Care Centre of North-East
R K Gupta1, Shailja Vajpayee1, Ruchi Agrawal2
1Department of Pediatric Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Insights
Rotavirus diarrhea affects nearly a quarter of young children hospitalized with diarrhea. The G3P[8] strain is now the most common, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance and vaccination strategies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
Background:
- Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in young children globally.
- Hospitalized children under five years old are particularly vulnerable to rotavirus gastroenteritis.
- Understanding circulating rotavirus strains is crucial for public health interventions and vaccine effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children under five years.
- To identify the dominant rotavirus genotypes circulating in the study population.
- To assess the impact of rotavirus vaccination on disease incidence and severity.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based, cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 29 months.
- Stool samples were collected from children aged 0-59 months with acute diarrhea.
- Rotavirus detection was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and genotyping was done using established methods.
Main Results:
- Rotavirus was detected in 24.32% (360/1480) of samples, with the highest prevalence in infants under 11 months.
- The most common G and P genotype combinations were G3P[8] (34.08%), G2P[4] (23.18%), G1P[8] (7.54%), and G9P[4] (5.59%).
- Rotavirus diarrhea showed statistically significant differences in episodes of diarrhea and vomiting, with peak incidence during winter.
Conclusions:
- Rotavirus remains a significant pathogen causing diarrhea in hospitalized children.
- There is ongoing circulation of G9 and G12 strains, with G3P[8] emerging as the predominant strain.
- Continuous monitoring of rotavirus strains and vaccine impact is essential for controlling childhood diarrhea.
Objectives:
To estimate the proportion of rotavirus diarrhea among hospitalized children aged under-five years, to determine the circulating rotavirus genotypes and to know impact rotavirus vaccine on prevalence and severity of rotavirus diarrhea.
Methods:
This study was a hospital based cross-sectional observational study conducted over a period of 29 mo (September 2017 through January 2020). Stool samples were collected from children who fall within the age range of 0-59 mo with acute diarrhea attending emergency or needing admission. Stool samples were tested for rotavirus by the enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) and genotyped using published methods.
Results:
Out of 1480 samples, 360 (24.32%) cases were positive for rotavirus by ELISA, majority of them were male (62.97%). Maximum rotavirus positivity was found in the age group of <11 mo (55.27%). Statistically significance difference was seen in episodes of diarrhea and experience of vomiting in rotavirus diarrhea cases. Highest prevalence has been seen during winter season. The most prevalent G and P type combinations were G3P [8] strains [122 (34.08%)], G2P [4] [83 (23.18%)], G1P [8] [27 (7.54%)] and G9P [4] [20 (5.59%)]. Mixed strains contribute a significant proportion of stool sample.
Conclusions:
Rotavirus is an important cause of diarrhea in hospitalized children. There is continued circulation of G9 and G12 strains and the emergence of G3P [8] as most common strain.
