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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Current experimental human tissue-derived models for prostate cancer research.

Manabu Kato1, Takeshi Sasaki1, Takahiro Inoue1

  • 1Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan.

International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association
|November 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

New prostate cancer models using patient tissues, like xenografts and organoids, better reflect patient conditions than old cell cultures. These advanced models aid in developing targeted therapies and precision medicine for prostate cancer.

Keywords:
organoidspatient-derived xenograft modelsprostate cancerspheroidsthree-dimensional culturetissue recombination models

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Translational Research
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional two-dimensional (2D) prostate cancer cell line cultures lack clinical relevance for preclinical studies.
  • Existing models fail to accurately represent the molecular, genetic, and clinical heterogeneity of individual prostate cancer patients.
  • There is a critical need for advanced experimental models that recapitulate human prostate cancer biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight advanced experimental models for prostate cancer research.
  • To emphasize the importance of models that reflect patient-specific characteristics for drug development and treatment selection.
  • To discuss the utility of tissue-based and three-dimensional (3D) culture models in understanding prostate cancer progression and therapeutic response.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized human prostate cancer tissues for experiments.
  • Employed tissue recombination models to study prostate development and cancer initiation.
  • Developed and analyzed patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in immunocompromised mice.
  • Investigated spheroid and organoid assays as 3D culture systems.
  • Reviewed literature on epithelial-stromal interactions in prostate cancer models.

Main Results:

  • Human prostate cancer tissues provide clinically relevant data on molecular and genetic characteristics.
  • Tissue recombination models successfully reproduce epithelial-stromal interactions crucial for prostate cancer pathogenesis.
  • Patient-derived xenograft models serve as powerful avatars for precision medicine approaches.
  • Spheroid and organoid assays mimic the in vivo microenvironment of prostate tumors and the prostate organ.
  • These advanced models facilitate the development of novel drugs and treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced experimental models, including tissue recombination, PDX, spheroids, and organoids, significantly improve the preclinical study of prostate cancer.
  • These models offer better recapitulation of disease heterogeneity and patient-specific characteristics compared to traditional 2D cultures.
  • The use of these models is essential for advancing precision medicine and identifying effective therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer patients.
  • While lacking a complete immune component, these models are invaluable tools for drug discovery and treatment selection.