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Disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis from BCG vaccination site in an immunocompetent child

Sandipan Dhar1, Shikhar Ganjoo2, Subhra Dhar3

  • 1Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India.

Pediatric Dermatology
|November 28, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis is rare in immunocompetent children, even after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. This case highlights a rare presentation of BCG-site tuberculosis in an infant, successfully treated with standard therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis is an uncommon manifestation of tuberculosis.
  • Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is a common procedure worldwide.
  • Cutaneous tuberculosis following BCG vaccination is rare, particularly in immunocompetent individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis in an immunocompetent infant.
  • To highlight the clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges of post-BCG cutaneous tuberculosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering tuberculosis in infants with unusual skin lesions.

Main Methods:

  • A clinical case presentation of a 4-month-old girl.
  • Diagnostic confirmation through skin biopsy and histopathological examination.
  • Treatment with standard antituberculosis therapy.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with widespread scaly papules and a nodule at the BCG immunization site.
  • Biopsy confirmed disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis in an immunocompetent child.
  • Antituberculosis therapy led to complete resolution without recurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Disseminated cutaneous tuberculosis can occur in immunocompetent infants following BCG vaccination.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate antituberculosis treatment are crucial for favorable outcomes.
  • This case underscores the need for vigilance in diagnosing rare presentations of infectious diseases in pediatric populations.

Keywords:
BCG vaccineanti-tubercular therapycutaneous tuberculosis

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