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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Neurological issues during COVID-19: An overview.

Avindra Nath1, Bryan Smith1

  • 1Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Neuroscience Letters
|November 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Neurological complications of COVID-19 are common, disabling, and often immune-mediated, impacting the entire nervous system. Further research and novel clinical trials are crucial for understanding and treating these persistent SARS-CoV-2 related neurological issues.

Keywords:
BrainCoronavirusInfectionsNeurologicalVirus

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread health system disruption.
  • Pulmonary complications received significant attention, but neurological manifestations are also prevalent and disabling.
  • Neurological symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients are diverse, affecting the entire neuro-axis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of neurological manifestations in COVID-19.
  • To emphasize the potential immune-mediated pathophysiology.
  • To call for novel approaches in clinical trials and patient assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on COVID-19 neurological complications.
  • Discussion of potential immune-mediated mechanisms.
  • Proposal for new clinical trial designs and assessment tools.

Main Results:

  • Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are common, persistent, and disabling.
  • The pathophysiology is not fully understood but appears to involve immune responses.
  • Socio-economic consequences of these neurological complications are severe.

Conclusions:

  • Neurological complications represent a major challenge in COVID-19 patient care.
  • Standardized assessment tools and biomarkers are needed for patient evaluation.
  • Innovative clinical trial designs are essential to study multiple therapeutic agents for these conditions.