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Testes: Gross Anatomy

Testes: Gross Anatomy

The testes, also known as testicles, are the male gonads. They are housed within the scrotum, a sac-like structure located beneath the penis. The scrotum's primary role is to regulate the temperature of the testes, which is crucial for sperm production.
Each testis is surrounded by the tunica albuginea, a dense connective tissue layer that provides structural support and protection. This layer is covered by an outer serous membrane called the tunica vaginalis, which helps reduce friction...

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the...

Testes: Histology

Testes: Histology

A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...

Sperm Transport

Sperm Transport

The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
The maturation phase occurs in the epididymis, where sperm...

Accessory Ducts of the Male Reproductive System

Accessory Ducts of the Male Reproductive System

The male reproductive system is a complex network of organs and tissues that work together to produce and transport sperm. The epididymis, vasa deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra are the accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation. These ducts play a critical role in the production and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
The epididymis is a small, comma-shaped organ located at the back of each testicle....

Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System

Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System

The accessory ducts involved in sperm maturation and transportation include the epididymides, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. These ducts play a critical role in the maturation, storage, and transportation of sperm from the testes to the urethra, where it is then released during ejaculation.
The epididymis is a small, comma-shaped organ located at the back of each testicle. The epididymis can be divided into three main parts: the head, body, and tail. The head of the epididymis...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Ex vivo Culture of Drosophila Pupal Testis and Single Male Germ-line Cysts: Dissection, Imaging, and Pharmacological Treatment

Ex vivo Culture of Drosophila Pupal Testis and Single Male Germ-line Cysts: Dissection, Imaging, and Pharmacological Treatment

Published on: September 11, 2014

Acquired undescended testis: When does the ascent occur?

Lars Dinkelbach¹, Dirk Lehnick², Sandra Shavit³

¹Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Switzerland.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

|November 29, 2020

Summary

Acquired undescended testes are common, occurring in 44.4% of orchiopexy cases. Testicular ascent can happen at any prepubertal age, necessitating regular monitoring until puberty.

Keywords:

Acquired undescended testis Cryptorchidism Orchiopexy Undescended testis

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Last Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Ex vivo Culture of Drosophila Pupal Testis and Single Male Germ-line Cysts: Dissection, Imaging, and Pharmacological Treatment

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Published on: September 11, 2014

Teratoma Generation in the Testis Capsule

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Surgery
Urology

Background:

Acquired undescended testes (AUTC) are a significant cause of cryptorchidism, yet the timing of their occurrence is poorly understood.
Understanding the timeframe of AUTC is crucial for developing effective screening and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the proportion of acquired undescended testes among all orchiopexy cases.
To identify the age range and typical timing of testicular ascent in acquired undescended testis.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 340 orchiopexy cases, classifying them as congenital or acquired undescended testis.
For acquired cases, the last documented physiological testicular position was recorded to estimate the age of testicular ascent.

Main Results:

Acquired undescended testis was identified in 151 cases (44.4%) with documented prior testicular position.
Testicular ascent in acquired cases occurred between ages 1 and 14 years, with median ascent estimated at 5.8 years.
Percentiles for estimated age at ascent were 7.3 (75th), 8.4 (85th), 8.7 (90th), and 11.1 years (95th).

Conclusions:

Acquired undescended testes represent a substantial portion of cryptorchidism cases.
Testicular ascent can occur at any point during pre-puberty, highlighting the importance of consistent testicular surveillance until puberty.