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Increased pSTS activity and decreased pSTS-mPFC connectivity when processing negative social interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Cognition
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Previous research linked brain activity in action observation and mentalizing networks to positive social interactions (cooperativity, affectivity).
  • Understanding neural processing of negative social dimensions (competition, conflict) is crucial for identifying pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural basis of processing negative social interaction dimensions.
  • To extend previous findings on positive social interactions to negative ones.
  • To explore the brain's response to social intentions expressed via motor acts versus mental states.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI study with 34 healthy participants.
  • Participants viewed images of social interactions categorized by positive/negative connotations and motor/mental state expressions (cooperative, competitive, affective, conflicting).

Main Results:

  • Confirmed action observation and mentalizing networks process motor-based (cooperative/competitive) and mental-state-based (affective/conflicting) intentions, respectively.
  • Left pSTS/TPJ selectively decoded social interactions.
  • Right pSTS/TPJ responded more to negative than positive intentions and showed reduced connectivity with mPFC during negative interactions.
  • mPFC downregulation during negative social scenes may indicate an adaptive response to socio-affective threats.

Conclusions:

  • Brain mechanisms for decoding complex social interactions provide a baseline for assessing impaired social cognition.
  • Findings are relevant for understanding neuro-psychiatric conditions and the effects of rehabilitation treatments.