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Metabolic interrelationships between arsenic and selenium.

O A Levander

    Environmental Health Perspectives
    |August 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Arsenic protects against selenium toxicity by increasing its excretion in bile. However, synergistic toxicity occurs with methylated selenium compounds, with ecological impacts yet to be explored.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Toxicology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Arsenic (As) has been known since 1938 to protect against selenium (Se) toxicity across various animal species.
    • Antagonistic effects between arsenic and selenium have been observed in teratologic studies and metabolic experiments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the metabolic interactions between arsenic and selenium and elucidate the mechanisms behind arsenic's protective effect against selenium toxicity.
    • To explore the potential synergistic toxicities and ecological implications of arsenic-selenium interactions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of early and later metabolic studies on arsenic-selenium interactions.
    • Analysis of studies examining biliary and pulmonary excretion of arsenic and selenium.
    • Examination of in vitro metabolic interactions and synergistic toxicity studies.

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    Main Results:

    • Arsenic enhances the biliary excretion of selenium, and vice versa, suggesting a detoxifying mechanism.
    • Arsenic inhibits the expiration of volatile selenium compounds, contrary to initial assumptions about pulmonary excretion.
    • Synergistic toxicity is observed between arsenic and methylated selenium metabolites (e.g., trimethylselenonium ion), with unclear ecological consequences.

    Conclusions:

    • The primary mechanism for arsenic's protection against selenium toxicity involves increased biliary excretion, potentially through a liver-formed detoxication conjugate.
    • While generally antagonistic, specific interactions, particularly with methylated selenium, pose risks.
    • Ecological consequences of environmental selenium methylation and its interaction with arsenic remain largely unexplored.