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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets
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Decoding the Heterogeneity of Human Dendritic Cell Subsets.

Javiera Villar1, Elodie Segura1

  • 1Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France.

Trends in Immunology
|November 30, 2020
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Recent transcriptomic studies reveal new human dendritic cell (DC) populations. This research unifies these findings, distinguishing true DC lineages from transient cell states for better classification.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial immune regulators.
  • Existing classifications rely on phenotype and ontogeny.
  • High-throughput single-cell technologies have uncovered significant heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies identifying novel human DC populations using single-cell RNA-seq.
  • To present a unified perspective on these emerging DC subsets.
  • To differentiate stable DC lineages from dynamic cell states.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies.
  • Comparative transcriptomic profiling of human DC populations.
  • Integration of data to establish lineage markers.

Main Results:

  • Identification of previously unrecognized human DC subsets.
  • Transcriptomic data reveals distinct molecular signatures for new populations.
  • Criteria established to define bona fide DC lineages versus cell states.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell transcriptomics is revolutionizing DC classification.
  • New DC populations expand our understanding of immune cell diversity.
  • Refined classification aids in understanding DC ontogeny and function.