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The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

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Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
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Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator
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Transferrin Receptor Functionally Marks Thermogenic Adipocytes.

Jin Qiu1, Zhiyin Zhang2, Sainan Wang1

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|November 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transferrin receptor (Tfr1) is a novel cell surface marker for thermogenic adipocytes. Tfr1 levels indicate thermogenic activity and are crucial for mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis.

Keywords:
Tfr1brown gene programiron homeostasismitochondrial integritythermogenic adipocytes

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Author Spotlight: Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Adipocyte Biology

Background:

  • Thermogenic adipocytes (brown and beige) are key to thermogenesis and energy balance.
  • Identifying specific cell surface markers for these cells is crucial for biological and clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel cell surface markers for thermogenic adipocytes.
  • To investigate the functional role of identified markers in adipocyte activity and metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • RNA-sequencing of in vivo and in vitro models to identify cell surface molecules.
  • Assessment of transferrin receptor (Tfr1) expression and function.
  • Examination of adipocyte mitochondria functionality, browning capacity, and iron metabolism following Tfr1 knockdown.

Main Results:

  • Transferrin receptor (Tfr1) is highly expressed in thermogenic adipocytes compared to white adipocytes.
  • Tfr1 expression levels correlate with the activation status of thermogenic adipocytes.
  • Tfr1 deficiency impairs thermogenic gene expression and mitochondrial integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Transferrin receptor (Tfr1) serves as a functional marker for thermogenic adipocytes.
  • Tfr1 holds potential as a surface marker for targeting thermogenic adipocytes in biological and clinical settings.