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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

315
Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
315
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

156
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
156
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

485
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
485
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

587
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
587
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

145
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
145
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

216
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
216

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Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Model for Acute Kidney Injury in Mice
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Acute Kidney Injury in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C): a Case Report.

Melissa Lee1, Mark Hilado1, Sarah Sotelo1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, 2020 Zonal Ave. IRD#114, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA.

SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine
|November 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A 15-year-old girl developed acute kidney injury from multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), highlighting the diverse effects of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. Healthcare providers must recognize these varied presentations during pandemics.

Keywords:
AKICOVID-19MIS-CRenal failure

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Pediatric nephrology

Background:

  • Critical manifestations of COVID-19 in children can affect multiple organ systems.
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious condition linked to COVID-19.
  • Pediatric providers face challenges diagnosing COVID-19 during pandemics due to imperfect testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of MIS-C presenting with acute renal failure in a pediatric patient.
  • To emphasize the diverse clinical presentations of COVID-19 in children.
  • To raise awareness among pediatric providers about the varied pathogenesis of COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 15-year-old female.
  • Clinical presentation including abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
  • Diagnosis of acute renal failure and MIS-C.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with severe gastrointestinal symptoms and acute renal failure.
  • The patient was diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
  • This case illustrates a critical, albeit less common, manifestation of pediatric COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) can present with severe renal involvement.
  • Pediatric COVID-19 can have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations.
  • Vigilance and broad awareness are crucial for pediatric providers managing potential COVID-19 cases, especially with diagnostic limitations.