Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

10.5K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
10.5K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

8.2K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
8.2K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

2.7K
2.7K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

10.3K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
10.3K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

6.8K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.8K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

9.0K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
9.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic and environmental influences on serum lipid tracking: a population-based, longitudinal Chinese twin study.

Pediatric research·2010
Same author

The common rs9939609 variant of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene is associated with obesity risk in children and adolescents of Beijing, China.

BMC medical genetics·2010
Same author

Identification and evaluation of apoptotic compounds from Garcinia paucinervis.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry·2010
Same author

Elevated phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in glia triggers cell-autonomous membrane wrapping and myelination.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2010
Same author

Detection of cytokeratin 19, human mammaglobin, and carcinoembryonic antigen-positive circulating tumor cells by three-marker reverse transcription-PCR assay and its relation to clinical outcome in early breast cancer.

The International journal of biological markers·2010
Same author

CXCR4 gene transfer contributes to in vivo reendothelialization capacity of endothelial progenitor cells.

Cardiovascular research·2010
Same journal

Future Directions in Biotechnological and Pharmacological Applications of CAIs.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Industrial and Environmental Applications of Carbonic Anhydrases.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Applications of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Arthritis, Neuropathic Pain, Acute Mountain Sickness, and Cerebral Ischemia.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Applications of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Neurological Disorders, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Oncology.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
Same journal

Therapeutic Applications of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Ophthalmology.

Sub-cellular biochemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

5.6K

A Structural Perspective on Gene Repression by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2.

Xin Liu1

  • 1Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. xin.liu@utsouthwestern.edu.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|November 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is crucial for gene silencing and development. Structural studies reveal its complex mechanisms, offering insights into diseases like cancer.

Keywords:
ChromatinEpigeneticsGene repressionHistone methylationPolycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)Structural biology

More Related Videos

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

6.7K
In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 28, 2025

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

5.6K
Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

6.7K
In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is a key epigenetic regulator.
  • It mediates histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) for gene silencing.
  • PRC2 dysfunction is implicated in cancers and developmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PRC2.
  • To understand PRC2 assembly, catalysis, regulation, and chromatin targeting.
  • To correlate structure-function with disease data.

Main Methods:

  • Structural biology techniques.
  • Analysis of PRC2 complex assembly and function.
  • Structure-function relationship studies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed insights into PRC2 assembly, catalysis, and allosteric regulation.
  • Understanding of PRC2's role in chromatin targeting.
  • Elucidation of mechanisms for inhibition and dimerization.

Conclusions:

  • Structural biology has significantly advanced understanding of PRC2.
  • PRC2's complexity and plasticity are vital for its developmental roles.
  • Structure-function insights are relevant to disease mechanisms.