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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
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The thorax muscles are central to the body's respiration and provide essential support and movement for the upper body. They are intricately designed to facilitate the complex breathing process while also contributing to the structural integrity and mobility of the chest and upper limbs.
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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Transuterine Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Model in Mice
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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Amy R Mehollin-Ray1

  • 1E. B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St., Suite 470, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. armeholl@texaschildrens.org.

Pediatric Radiology
|November 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe condition requiring specialized fetal care. Pediatric radiologists are crucial for diagnosing CDH, assessing its severity, and guiding treatment for optimal outcomes.

Keywords:
Congenital diaphragmatic herniaDiaphragmFetusHerniaLung volumeMagnetic resonance imagingUltrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Radiology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Neonatal Surgery

Background:

  • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a significant congenital anomaly with potential for severe respiratory compromise.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for multidisciplinary management and improved fetal and neonatal outcomes.
  • Fetal care centers provide specialized expertise for evaluating and managing complex cases like CDH.

Observation:

  • Pediatric radiologists are integral to the diagnostic process for CDH.
  • Imaging plays a key role in anatomical description and prognostic assessment of CDH.
  • Distinguishing features and imaging clues are vital for identifying different types of CDH.

Findings:

  • This review details various types of congenital diaphragmatic hernias, highlighting key imaging features.
  • It covers established methods for predicting CDH severity using imaging.
  • Current fetal and postnatal therapeutic strategies for CDH are explained.

Implications:

  • This article serves as a practical reference for pediatric radiologists managing CDH cases.
  • Accurate radiological assessment aids in planning delivery and postnatal care for affected infants.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is emphasized for optimizing the care of fetuses and mothers with CDH.