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Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Human Fetal Blood Flow Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Motion Compensation
Published on: January 7, 2021
Magnetic resonance imaging of the fetal musculoskeletal system
Nancy A Chauvin1, Teresa Victoria2, Asef Khwaja2
1Department of Radiology, Hershey Children's Hospital, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. nchauvin@pennstatehealth.psu.edu.
Abstract:
Diagnosing musculoskeletal pathology requires understanding of the normal embryological development. Intrinsic errors of skeletal development are individually rare but are of paramount clinical importance because anomalies can greatly impact patients' lives. An accurate assessment of the fetal musculoskeletal system must be performed to provide optimal genetic counseling as well as to drive therapeutic management. This manuscript reviews the embryology of skeletal development and the appearance of the maturing musculoskeletal system on fetal MRI. In addition, it presents a comprehensive review of musculoskeletal fetal pathology along with postnatal imaging.
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