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Cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes: Early evaluation, risk factors and possible relation with

Mei Shi1, Rong Tang1, Fansu Huang1

  • 1Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
|November 30, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Early assessment and management of cardiovascular risk factors are crucial for improving outcomes in T1D patients.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D), with risks 2-10 times higher than the general population.
  • Pathological processes for CVD in T1D initiate in childhood, despite clinical manifestations appearing later in life.
  • Established risk factors like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetic nephropathy significantly impact CVD development in T1D.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes.
  • To explore the epidemiology, early assessment methods, and risk factors associated with CVD in T1D.
  • To investigate the potential role of cardiac autoimmunity and the impact of intensive insulin therapy on cardiovascular risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and established cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Exploration of emerging research on cardiac autoimmunity and intensive insulin therapy effects.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical CVD can be detected in adolescence using methods like carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity.
  • Annual systematic assessment and management of cardiovascular risk factors are recommended by clinical guidelines.
  • Further research is needed to understand the influence of intensive insulin therapy and cardiac autoimmunity mechanisms on CVD in T1D.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection and management of cardiovascular risk factors are essential for mitigating CVD mortality in type 1 diabetes.
  • Understanding the interplay between cardiac autoimmunity, intensive insulin therapy, and CVD progression is critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • A multi-faceted approach addressing traditional risk factors and novel mechanisms is necessary to reduce the cardiovascular burden in T1D.

Keywords:
cardiac autoimmunitycardiovascular diseasecardiovascular risktype 1 diabetes

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