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Related Concept Videos

Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

3.6K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
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The Evidence for Evolution02:55

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat
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The evolution of a cell biologist.

Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147.

Molecular Biology of the Cell
|November 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This reflection highlights a cell biologist's journey focusing on cellular spatial and dynamic organization. Key work explores molecular and organelle dynamism, emphasizing new observation and quantification methods.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular and Cellular Dynamics

Background:

  • The author's scientific journey evolved towards understanding spatial and dynamic cellular organization.
  • Initial fascination with static cellular structures shifted to appreciating cellular dynamism at all scales.

Discussion:

  • Cells exhibit dynamism from molecular components to organelles.
  • Investigating the principles governing this cellular dynamism is central to the author's research.
  • Developing novel methods for observing and quantifying cellular dynamics is a key focus.

Key Insights:

  • Cellular organization is both spatial and dynamic.
  • Dynamism is a fundamental property of cells, observable across multiple scales.
  • Advancements in imaging and quantification are crucial for understanding cellular processes.

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Outlook:

  • Continued exploration of the principles of cellular dynamism.
  • Further development of innovative techniques for observing and measuring cellular dynamics.
  • Applying these principles to broader biological questions.