Clostridium fessum sp. nov., isolated from human faeces

An obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive and spore-forming strain, SNUG30386^T was isolated from a faecal sample of a healthy Korean subject. The strain formed a round ivory-coloured colony and cells were chained rods with tapered ends, approximately 2.0-2.5×0.6-0.8 μm in size. The taxonomic analysis indicated that strain SNUG30386^T was within the family Lachnospiraceae. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the closest species to strain SNUG30386^T was Clostridium symbiosum (95.6 %), followed by Enterocloster asparagiformis (94.8 %), Enterocloster clostridioformis (94.8 %) and Enterocloster lavalensis (94.6 %). The evolutionary tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strain SNUG30386^T had split apart at a unique branch point far from other close relatives. Its DNA G+C content was 48.3 mol% calculated from the whole genome sequence. The major cellular fatty acids were C_16 : 0 and C_14 : 0. Compared to those of the closely related species, strain SNUG30386^T showed distinct biochemical activities such as being unable to utilize most of carbon sources except d-glucose and l-arabinose. As a result, based on its unique phylogenetic clade and taxonomic characteristics, we conclude that strain SNUG30386^T represents a novel species within the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium fessum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is SNUG30386^T (=KCTC 15633^T= JCM 32258^T).