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Self-harm in primary school-aged children: Prospective cohort study.

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Self-harm affects 3% of primary school children, linked to mental health issues, bullying, and pubertal changes. Early interventions focusing on emotional well-being and peer relationships are crucial for prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Self-harm in primary school-aged children lacks prospective research on prevalence and risk factors.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for early intervention and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of self-harm in non-treatment-seeking primary school-aged children.
  • To identify antecedent and concurrent predictors of self-harm in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study followed 1239 children annually from ages 8-9 to 11-12 in Melbourne, Australia.
  • Data collected included health, social, educational, and family measures, with past-year self-harm assessed at age 11-12.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analyzed associations between self-harm and various factors.

Main Results:

  • 3% of children (28 participants) reported self-harm at age 11-12.
  • Predictors included persistent depression/anxiety, bullying victimization, alcohol consumption, few friends, poor emotional control, antisocial behavior, and pubertal status.
  • Significant associations were found between self-harm and factors like frequent bullying (aOR: 24.6) and late puberty (aOR: 14.4).

Conclusions:

  • Intervention efforts for adolescent self-harm should include primary school-aged children.
  • Focusing on mental health, peer relationships, and the pubertal transition is key for prevention.