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Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety
Published on: November 11, 2022
The impact of COVID-19 on college anxiety, optimism, gratitude, and course satisfaction
Duke D Biber1, Bridget Melton2, Daniel R Czech2
1Sport Management, Wellness, and Physical Education College of Education, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, USA.
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between college student anxiety, optimism, gratitude, and perception of the Physical Activity and Lifestyle program (PAL) instructional response/effectiveness following COVID-19. Participants: Data were collected from a southeastern, midsize university (n = 1640) during April 2020. Methods: Participants responded to a Web-based survey that included mental health factors (optimism, gratitude, anxiety) and perceptions of COVID-19 academic response. Results: The results of this study revealed a significant, negative relationship between anxiety and optimism (r = .36), gratitude (r = -.12), and perceived instruction following COVID-19 (r = -.11). There were statistically significant differences in perceived PAL instructional response/effectiveness following COVID-19 between anxiety classification, with severely anxious students expressing lower instructional response to COVID-19 when compared to moderately or mildly anxious students, [F(2,1516) = 10.60, p < .001]. Conclusions: The results inform educators on the importance of effective education and coping strategies following online transition during a pandemic.
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