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Premature saccades: A detailed physiological analysis.

Shin-Ichi Tokushige1, Shunichi Matsuda2, Satomi Inomata-Terada3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|November 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Accurate saccade direction and amplitude are established simultaneously 100-150 ms after target presentation. Premature saccades (PSs) may occur due to target prediction or neural activity.

Keywords:
ElectrooculographyParkinson’s diseasePremature saccadeSpinocerebellar degenerationVideo-oculography

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Premature saccades (PSs) are rapid eye movements with latencies too short for precise programming.
  • Understanding the timing of saccade programming is crucial for diagnosing and treating neurological disorders affecting motor control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the minimum latency required for accurate saccade direction and amplitude programming.
  • To investigate the characteristics of premature saccades launched before this minimum latency.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments utilizing the gap saccade task with varying target presentations (horizontal, multi-directional).
  • Inclusion of normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) in Experiment 3.

Main Results:

  • Accurate saccade amplitude and direction establishment occurred at approximately 100 ms in Experiment 1 and 150 ms in Experiment 2.
  • Patients with PD and SCD exhibited lower frequencies of PSs compared to normal subjects.

Conclusions:

  • Saccade direction and amplitude are determined simultaneously within 100-150 ms post-target presentation.
  • PSs might arise from predictive mechanisms or underlying neural activity in the superior colliculus.