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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Induced Pluripotency: A Powerful Tool for In Vitro Modeling.

Romana Zahumenska1,2, Vladimir Nosal3, Marek Smolar3

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer powerful in vitro applications for disease modeling and drug discovery. This review details iPSC reprogramming and differentiation into neural precursor cells (NPCs) for studying neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords:
cell reprogrammingdisease modelingin vitro biomedical modelsinduced pluripotent stem cellsneural precursor cellsneurodegenerative disease

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, discovered in 2006, represents a major advancement in regenerative medicine.
  • iPSCs are derived from somatic cells and possess pluripotency, enabling differentiation into various cell types.
  • While clinical applications require further safety and efficacy validation, iPSCs are established tools for in vitro research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the process of reprogramming somatic cells into iPSCs.
  • To summarize the differentiation and culture of iPSCs into neural precursor cells (NPCs) in 2D and 3D systems.
  • To highlight the utility of NPCs derived from iPSCs as models for neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of reprogramming techniques to generate iPSCs from somatic cells.
  • Description of differentiation protocols for generating NPCs from iPSCs.
  • Discussion of 2D and 3D cell culture methods for NPCs.

Main Results:

  • iPSCs can be generated from various somatic cell types.
  • NPCs can be successfully differentiated from iPSCs using established protocols.
  • Both 2D and 3D culture systems support NPC development and maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • iPSC technology provides a versatile platform for in vitro research applications, including disease modeling and drug screening.
  • NPCs derived from iPSCs are valuable tools for studying the mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Further research into iPSC and NPC applications holds promise for advancing the understanding and treatment of neurological disorders.