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Preclinical In Vitro Assessment of Submicron-Scale Laser Surface Texturing on Ti6Al4V.

Luiz Schweitzer1,2, Alexandre Cunha3,4, Thiago Pereira3

  • 1Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology, Pascalstr. 8-9, 10587 Berlin, Germany.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Ultrafast laser surface texturing of titanium implants using UV and green radiation creates anti-infectious properties. This novel approach enhances biocompatibility and reduces metal ion release, potentially minimizing revision surgeries for orthopedic and orthodontic applications.

Keywords:
LIPSSTi6Al4Vbiocompatibilitycytotoxicitylaser surface texturing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Surface Science
  • Orthopedic and Dental Implantology

Background:

  • Implant loosening is a significant clinical challenge in orthodontics and orthopedics, often necessitating revision surgeries.
  • Peri-implant inflammation and inadequate osseointegration are primary causes of implant failure.
  • Advanced surface modification techniques are crucial for improving implant longevity and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of ultrafast laser surface texturing on Ti6Al4V alloy for orthopedic and orthodontic implants.
  • To functionalize Ti6Al4V surfaces with ultraviolet (UV) and green (GR) laser radiation, creating laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS).
  • To evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and metal ion release of laser-textured surfaces using human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs).

Main Methods:

  • Ti6Al4V surfaces were textured using UV and GR ultrafast laser radiation to generate LIPSS.
  • Surface topography, morphology, and chemical composition were analyzed.
  • In vitro biocompatibility was assessed by culturing hMSCs on both laser-textured and polished Ti6Al4V surfaces, monitoring cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase, and titanium release.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of LIPSS on Ti6Al4V surfaces via UV and GR laser texturing.
  • Human primary mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) demonstrated successful culture on laser-textured surfaces without compromised viability compared to polished surfaces.
  • UV-LIPSS surfaces exhibited significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase and titanium release into the supernatant compared to polished surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrafast laser surface texturing is a viable method for creating anti-infectious and biocompatible surfaces on Ti6Al4V.
  • The developed UV-LIPSS modification shows promise in reducing cellular stress and metal ion leaching, contributing to improved implant performance.
  • This surface modification strategy offers a promising approach for enhancing the clinical success of orthodontic and orthopedic implants.