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The American mental retardation service system
1School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago 60680.
Journal of Mental Deficiency Research
|December 1, 1987
Summary
Community services for individuals with mental retardation have evolved significantly in the U.S. since the 1950s, emphasizing deinstitutionalization and normalization. Understanding the continuum of care is crucial for navigating the service system.
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Public Health
- Disability Studies
Background:
- The United States has undergone substantial transformations in service delivery for individuals with mental retardation over the past three decades.
- This paper examines the evolution of community-based service options since the late 1950s.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the development of community service options for mentally retarded individuals in the U.S.
- To analyze this development in the context of deinstitutionalization and normalization principles.
- To highlight the significance of the continuum of care for understanding the American mental retardation service system.
Main Methods:
- Historical analysis of service delivery changes.
- Review of policy shifts related to deinstitutionalization and normalization.
- Examination of the life cycle and continuum of care for individuals with mental retardation.
Main Results:
- Significant growth in community-based services since the late 1950s.
- Shift in focus from institutionalization to community integration.
- Recognition of the importance of a continuous care model.
Conclusions:
- The development of community services reflects a move towards deinstitutionalization and normalization.
- A comprehensive understanding of the continuum of care is essential for effective service system functioning.
- The mid-1980s perspective highlights the ongoing need to adapt services to the life cycle needs of individuals with mental retardation.
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