Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Published on: August 8, 2025
Fatal Lactobacillus endocarditis in a patient with transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Saaket Agrawal1, Emily S Tuchman1, Matthew J Bruce1
1Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Abstract:
Lactobacillus species may translocate from the gastrointestinal tract into systemic circulation from ingested probiotics or commensal flora. Their pathogenic potential is still debated. Lactobacillus endocarditis is a rare entity with only around 120 cases reported in the literature. Here, we report the first case of fatal Lactobacillus endocarditis with involvement of a transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the following goals: to reaffirm the pathological significance of Lactobacillus spp, to demonstrate the potential limitations of the modified Duke criteria in diagnosing infective endocarditis of transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and to urge clinicians to aggressively search for and consider empiric treatment for endocarditis in patients with prosthetic valves who develop Lactobacillus bacteraemia.
Related Concept Videos
Endocarditis I: Introduction
Endocarditis III: Medical Management
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

