Temporal trends in cardiovascular risk factors' prevalence in patients with myocardial infarction
Murat Cimci1, Fabienne Witassek2, Dragana Radovanovic2
1Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Insights
Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients increased over two decades, with a notable rise in female smoking rates. Age at presentation remained stable, but the overall number of CVRF grew significantly in both genders.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) significantly impact outcomes following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
- Longitudinal data on CVRF trends in AMI patients are scarce, particularly in European populations.
- Understanding these trends is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate changes in the age and CVRF profile of patients experiencing AMI over a 20-year period.
- To identify trends in specific CVRF such as smoking, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
- To analyze gender-specific differences in these evolving risk factor profiles.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of consecutive AMI patients from the Swiss nationwide AMIS Plus registry (1997-2018).
- Assessment of demographic data and prevalence of key CVRF at the time of AMI presentation.
- Statistical analysis to determine trends and gender-based disparities over the study period.
Main Results:
- Mean age of AMI patients remained constant for both men and women.
- The average number of CVRF per patient increased significantly in both genders.
- A marked rise in smoking prevalence among women led to a narrowing gender gap in smoking rates, while hypertension and dyslipidemia increased in both sexes.
Conclusions:
- While age at AMI presentation is stable, the burden of cardiovascular risk factors is increasing in both men and women.
- The rising prevalence of smoking in women presenting with AMI is a significant public health concern.
- These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address evolving CVRF profiles in AMI patients.
Introduction And Objectives:
Little is known about changes in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) profile over time in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods:
We assessed changes in age and CVRF profile in consecutive AMI patients enrolled in the Swiss nationwide AMIS Plus registry between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2018.
Results:
A total of 57 995 AMI patients were included in the analysis. Mean age at presentation was 71.5 ± 11.3 years for women and 63.9 ± 12.8 years for men and did not change over time. Overall, the mean (standard deviation) number of CVRF increased from 1.76 (1.07) in 1997/98 to 2.26 (1.10) in 2017/18 in men (Ptrend < .001), while the corresponding rates in females were 1.83 (1.11) and 2.24 (1.08) (Ptrend < .001). In terms of active smoking, no significant trend was detected for males, while there was a significant increase in females (P < .001). As a result, the gap in smoking rates between men and women presenting with AMI decreased from 19.9% (45.3% vs 25.4%) in 1997/98 to 7.9% (41.2% vs 33.3%) in 2017/18. Reassuring was the stability in terms of diabetes prevalence for both genders. Obesity was more prevalent over time in men, while the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia increased in both genders.
Conclusion:
Among patients with AMI in Switzerland over two decades, age at presentation remained stable, while the mean number of CVRF increased in both men and women. Striking was the increase in the prevalence of smoking in women, leading to a reduction of the gender gap over time.
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