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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

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Pachychoroid spectrum disease.

Shyamanga Borooah1,2,3, Peng Yong Sim2,4, Sumita Phatak2

  • 1Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Acta Ophthalmologica
|December 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A thickened choroid, or pachychoroid, is linked to various retinal diseases. This review explores the pachychoroid spectrum, unifying diverse conditions with shared imaging and genetic features.

Keywords:
central serous chorioretinopathyfocal choroid excavationpachychoroidpachychoroid neovasculopathypachychoroid pigment epitheliopathyperipapillary pachychoroid diseasepolypoidal choroidal vasculopathy/aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Recent advancements in ophthalmic imaging reveal a thickened choroid (pachychoroid) association with numerous retinal diseases.
  • The pachychoroid spectrum encompasses conditions with specific endophenotypes, including choroidal thickening, inner choroid thinning, and hyperpermeability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive literature review of diseases within the pachychoroid spectrum.
  • To update evidence on the common etiology underlying these conditions, focusing on clinical imaging, genetics, and pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diseases within the pachychoroid spectrum.
  • Focus on clinical imaging, genetic, and pathological findings.
  • Analysis of indocyanine green angiography for choroidal hyperpermeability.

Main Results:

  • The pachychoroid spectrum includes central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, peripapillary pachychoroid disease, and focal choroidal excavation.
  • These conditions share features like choroidal thickening, retinal pigmentary changes, and potential choroidal neovascularization.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence suggests a common underlying etiology for diseases within the pachychoroid spectrum.
  • Further research into clinical imaging and genetics may elucidate shared pathological mechanisms.