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Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Intra-Omental Islet Transplantation Using h-Omental Matrix Islet filliNG hOMING
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RGD-modified injectable hydrogel maintains islet beta-cell survival and function.

Tianshu Lan1,2, Jingyi Guo1, Xiaoming Bai1

  • 1Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen city, Fujian Province, China.

Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials
|December 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study shows an injectable hydrogel modified with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) significantly improves pancreatic beta-cell survival and function. This RGD-hydrogel is a promising scaffold for islet transplantation and diabetes treatment.

Keywords:
3D cultureRGDdiabeteshydrogelβ-cell

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Developing functional pancreatic islets in a 3D extracellular matrix is crucial for diabetes treatment via islet transplantation and drug discovery.
  • Existing scaffold materials are limited, lacking clinical applicability, injectability, and long-term support for islet pancreatic beta-cells (β-cells).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a ready-to-use, injectable hydrogel on β-cell function and viability, both in vitro and in vivo.
  • To determine if Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) functionalization enhances hydrogel properties for β-cell support.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assessment of β-cell viability and insulin secretion in RGD-functionalized hydrogels.
  • In vivo subcutaneous injection of hydrogels in mice to evaluate biocompatibility, β-cell proliferation, vascularization, and inflammatory response.
  • Assessment of blood glucose regulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice using RGD-modified hydrogels for β-cell support.

Main Results:

  • High concentrations of β-cells within RGD-functionalized hydrogels showed enhanced viability and insulin secretory capacity in vitro.
  • The hydrogel demonstrated biocompatibility, supporting β-cell proliferation and vascularization without inducing inflammation post-injection.
  • RGD modification of the hydrogel maintained β-cell insulin secretion and effectively regulated blood glucose levels in diabetic mice.

Conclusions:

  • The RGD-modified hydrogel shows potential as an extracellular matrix for islet transplantation at extrahepatic sites.
  • These findings offer a valuable reference for future tissue engineering studies aimed at diabetes treatment.