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Updated: Nov 28, 2025

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Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: Are We Getting to the "Heart" of the Matter?

Jasmina Varagic1, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens1, Joyonna Gamble-George2

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Journal of Women'S Health (2002)
|December 1, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of pregnancy-related death. Pregnancy complications may reveal underlying CVD or impact long-term cardiovascular health in women.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of pregnancy-related mortality in the U.S.
  • Certain demographics and conditions (e.g., African American women, obesity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [HDP]) increase CVD risk during pregnancy.
  • Pregnancy-related cardiovascular complications can occur even in women without pre-existing conditions, suggesting potential uncovering of subclinical CVD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in understanding adverse pregnancy-related cardiovascular conditions.
  • To discuss strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions.
  • To emphasize a lifespan perspective for assessing women's cardiovascular risk.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes new research on pregnancy-related cardiovascular conditions.
  • It discusses potential interventions and diagnostic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy imposes significant physiological stress on the cardiovascular system.
  • Adverse pregnancy outcomes may negatively impact long-term cardiovascular health.
  • Subclinical CVD may be unmasked by the hemodynamic, hematological, and metabolic changes during pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive, lifespan approach is crucial for evaluating cardiovascular risk in women.
  • Early recognition and management of cardiovascular risk factors before, during, and after pregnancy are essential.
  • Further research and interventions are needed to improve cardiovascular outcomes for pregnant individuals.

Keywords:
adverse pregnancy outcomeshypertensive disorders of pregnancylong-term pregnancy-related cardiovascular diseasematernal mortality and morbidityperipartum cardiomyopathy

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