Viral Hepatitis in pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Infectious Diseases
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

• Viral hepatitis prevalence is increasing globally.
• Pregnant women are vulnerable to significant maternal and perinatal complications.
• Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and G infections present unique challenges during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and effects of viral hepatitis types A through G in pregnant women.
• To summarize current management and prevention strategies for viral hepatitis during pregnancy.
• To highlight the specific risks associated with Hepatitis E and B in pregnant populations.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of viral hepatitis in pregnancy.
• Analysis of prevalence, clinical presentation, and outcomes.
• Summary of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

• Hepatitis E (HEV) is associated with a 20% maternal mortality rate and requires special attention.
• Hepatitis B (HBV) screening is standard; antiviral therapy (tenofovir) and infant immunizations are recommended for high viral loads.
• Hepatitis A (HAV) is self-limiting; Hepatitis C (HCV) management is evolving with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs); Hepatitis D (HDV) control relies on HBV management; Hepatitis G (HGV) data is limited.

Conclusions:

• Viral hepatitis poses substantial risks to maternal and perinatal health.
• Tailored management strategies are crucial for each hepatitis type during pregnancy.
• Further research on DAA safety in pregnancy and HEV vaccine approval is needed.