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Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
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Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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Sperm Structure and Semen Composition01:22

Sperm Structure and Semen Composition

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During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
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Sperm Transport01:15

Sperm Transport

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The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
The maturation phase occurs in the epididymis, where sperm...
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The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

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The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
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A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
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The Role of the LINC Complex in Sperm Development and Function.

Vera Kmonickova1, Michaela Frolikova1, Klaus Steger2

  • 1Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The LINC complex, linking the nucleus and cytoplasm, is vital for male fertility. Understanding its role in sperm development is key to diagnosing and treating infertility.

Keywords:
KASHLINC complexSUNchromatincytoskeletonmale fertilitymale germ cellsnucleoskeletonsperm pathologiesspermatogenesis

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Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm
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Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner
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Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner

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Last Updated: Nov 28, 2025

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
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Medium-throughput Screening Assays for Assessment of Effects on Ca2+-Signaling and Acrosome Reaction in Human Sperm
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Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner
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Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner

Published on: December 10, 2015

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex spans the nuclear envelope, connecting nuclear and cytoplasmic components.
  • It comprises SUN proteins in the inner nuclear membrane and KASH proteins in the outer nuclear membrane.
  • The LINC complex is essential for meiosis and spermiogenesis, impacting sperm head and acrosome formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of LINC complex subtypes in germ cells.
  • To elucidate the central role of the LINC complex in male reproduction.
  • To highlight the implications of LINC complex dysfunction in male subfertility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on LINC complex structure and function in germ cells.
  • Analysis of genetic studies linking LINC complex mutations to male subfertility in mice and humans.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on LINC complex roles in meiosis and spermiogenesis.

Main Results:

  • The LINC complex is crucial for homologous chromosome pairing and movement during meiosis.
  • It plays a pivotal role in sperm head development and acrosome formation during spermiogenesis.
  • Mutations in LINC complex genes are associated with male subfertility, including idiopathic cases.

Conclusions:

  • An intact LINC complex is indispensable for producing fertile sperm.
  • Further research into LINC complex components is required for improved diagnosis of male infertility.
  • Understanding the LINC complex can enhance outcomes in assisted reproduction techniques.