In Situ Laser-Induced Fabrication of a Ruthenium-Based Microelectrode for Non-Enzymatic Dopamine Sensing

In this paper, we propose a fast and simple approach for the fabrication of the electrocatalytically active ruthenium-containing microstructures using a laser-induced metal deposition technique. The results of scanning electron microscopy and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrate that the fabricated ruthenium-based microelectrode had a highly developed surface composed of 10 μm pores and 10 nm zigzag cracks. The fabricated material exhibited excellent electrochemical properties toward non-enzymatic dopamine sensing, including high sensitivity (858.5 and 509.1 μA mM^-1 cm^-2), a low detection limit (0.13 and 0.15 μM), as well as good selectivity and stability.