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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
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Inositols in PCOS.

Zdravko Kamenov1, Antoaneta Gateva1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Endocrinology University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University-Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Myoinositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI) improve ovarian function and fertility in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). These inositols also help manage PCOS symptoms like hyperandrogenism and metabolic issues.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Inositol biochemistry

Background:

  • Myoinositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI) are crucial for oocyte development, insulin signaling, and ovarian hormonal synthesis.
  • Dysregulation of these pathways is implicated in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of MI and DCI, alone or combined, on PCOS pathological features.
  • Focus on insulin resistance and adverse metabolic outcomes in PCOS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed (until Sept. 2020) using keywords: inositols, myo-inositol, d-chiro-inositol, PCOS.
  • Analysis of 197 identified articles, including 47 clinical trials (35 randomized controlled trials).

Main Results:

Keywords:
PCOSinositolsinsulin resistance

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  • MI treatment in PCOS patients improved ovarian function, fertility, and hyperandrogenism (acne, hirsutism).
  • MI positively impacted metabolic parameters and hormonal imbalances related to the reproductive axis and ovulation.
  • MI is a novel therapeutic approach for ameliorating PCOS symptoms and improving ovulation.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical data suggest MI and DCI, particularly in a 40:1 ratio, are beneficial for PCOS.
  • Combined inositol therapy, with or without other compounds, can improve metabolic, hormonal, and reproductive aspects of PCOS.