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Influence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on virulence of staphylococci
1Division of Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
The understanding and control of infections caused by staphylococci are still far from complete, and staphylococcal infections continue to be a serious problem. The organisms possess numerous virulence factors that can act independently to induce various symptoms and lesions. Chemotherapy has changed the clinical spectrum of staphylococci but has not eradicated serious staphylococcal infections. An evaluation of the interaction of antibiotics, staphylococci, and host defense will help to identify those factors that determine the success or failure of therapy for staphylococcal infections. The activity of antibiotics is usually expressed in terms of concentrations that either inhibit or kill microorganisms in vitro or in experimental infections. Subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics may induce changes in bacterial properties both in vitro and in vivo. An understanding of the mechanism of such changes would allow a more rational application of antibiotics that have both specific antistaphylococcal action and positive effects on host defense mechanisms.
Insights
Staphylococcal infections remain a significant challenge despite antibiotic use. Understanding how antibiotics affect staphylococci and host defenses is key to improving treatment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Staphylococcal infections pose a persistent threat to public health.
- Virulence factors of staphylococci contribute to disease severity.
- Current chemotherapy has not eliminated serious staphylococcal infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the complex interactions between antibiotics, staphylococci, and host defense mechanisms.
- To identify factors influencing the success or failure of staphylococcal infection therapy.
- To explore the impact of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations on bacterial properties.
Main Methods:
- In vitro and in vivo experimental models were utilized.
- Antibiotic activity was assessed based on inhibitory and lethal concentrations.
- Changes induced by subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations were investigated.
Main Results:
- Subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations can alter staphylococcal properties.
- These alterations occur in both laboratory settings and during active infections.
- The interplay between antibiotics, bacteria, and host immunity is crucial for therapeutic success.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of antibiotic-staphylococci-host interactions is necessary.
- Rational antibiotic application requires considering effects beyond direct microbial killing.
- Further research into subinhibitory concentration effects can optimize staphylococcal infection treatment.