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Related Concept Videos

MOS Capacitor01:25

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A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
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Modified Activation Process for Supercapacitor Electrode Materials from African Maize Cob.

Moses Kigozi1,2, Ravi Kali3, Abdulhakeem Bello1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Galadimawa, Garki Abuja P.O BOX 681, Nigeria.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

African maize cobs were converted into activated carbon for supercapacitors. This low-cost material shows excellent electrochemical properties and stability, making it ideal for energy storage devices.

Keywords:
acid-activationbiomasselectrode materialoxidationspecific capacitance

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Biomass waste presents a sustainable source for advanced material synthesis.
  • Activated carbon is crucial for electrochemical energy storage devices like supercapacitors.
  • Developing cost-effective and high-performance electrode materials is essential for widespread supercapacitor adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize activated carbon from African maize cobs (AMC) using chemical activation.
  • To investigate the electrochemical properties of the synthesized AMC-based activated carbon for supercapacitor applications.
  • To evaluate the performance and stability of the material in an electrochemical energy storage context.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical activation of AMC using concentrated sulfuric acid at 600, 700, and 800 °C.
  • Characterization of the activated carbon using BET analysis, FESEM, FTIR, XRD, Boehm titration, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Electrochemical testing in a 6 M KOH electrolyte to determine capacitance and cycling stability.

Main Results:

  • Activated carbon with a high specific surface area (30–254 m²·g⁻¹) and a mixed microporous-mesoporous structure was produced.
  • XPS analysis revealed a significant presence of oxygen, enhancing electrochemical performance and double-layer capacitance.
  • The material activated at 700 °C achieved a capacitance of 456 F·g⁻¹ at 0.25 A·g⁻¹ with excellent stability over 10,000 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • African maize cobs are a viable, low-cost precursor for producing high-performance activated carbon.
  • The synthesized activated carbon demonstrates excellent electrochemical properties and stability, suitable for supercapacitor applications.
  • This research highlights a sustainable approach to waste valorization for advanced energy storage solutions.