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Related Concept Videos

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
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Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Surgical Injury to the Mouse Pancreas through Ligation of the Pancreatic Duct as a Model for Endocrine and Exocrine Reprogramming and Proliferation
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A window in time for β-cell regeneration.

Benjamin J Weidemann1, Joseph Bass1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.

Genes & Development
|December 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The molecular circadian clock is crucial for the regeneration of insulin-producing beta cells in vivo. Enhancing clock activity may aid in future diabetes cell therapies.

Keywords:
Insulin-rtTA/TET-DTA mouse modelcircadian clockworkdiabetesglucose metabolismpancreatic α and β cellsβ-cell proliferationβ-cell regeneration

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Beta-cell failure in diabetes mellitus necessitates exogenous insulin, highlighting the need for endogenous beta-cell regeneration.
  • Research is exploring pancreatic transcriptional programs to stimulate insulin production via cell division and trans-differentiation.
  • The molecular circadian clock has emerged as a key regulator of functional insulin-producing beta cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the intrinsic molecular clock in the regenerative capacity of insulin-producing beta cells.
  • To determine if the circadian clock is essential for beta-cell self-renewal after injury.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic ablation of beta cells in a model system.
  • Analysis of beta-cell regeneration and function in relation to the molecular circadian clock.

Main Results:

  • The intrinsic molecular clock is required for the regenerative capacity of insulin-producing cells following beta-cell loss.
  • These findings demonstrate a critical role for the circadian clock in beta-cell self-renewal.

Conclusions:

  • The molecular circadian clock plays an essential role in the in vivo regeneration of insulin-producing beta cells.
  • Targeting or enhancing core clock activity presents a potential therapeutic strategy to support cell replacement therapies for diabetes.