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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Skeletal muscles, the key players in our body's movement, can be classified into two groups based on their location and function: axial muscles and appendicular muscles. These classifications reflect the primary roles the muscles play in the body's structure and movement.
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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Axial muscle weakness.

Waqar Waheed1, James Brian Allison2, John Dewitt3

  • 1Neurology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA waqar.waheed@uvmhealth.org.

Practical Neurology
|December 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Axial myopathy, a rare neuromuscular disorder affecting paraspinal muscles, causes bent spine or dropped head. This review clarifies axial muscle function, imaging interpretation, and diagnosis for this under-recognized condition.

Keywords:
AnatomyMRMyopathyNeuromuscularPathology

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Axial myopathy is a rare neuromuscular condition.
  • It selectively affects paraspinal muscles, leading to bent spine or dropped head syndrome.
  • Axial muscle involvement occurs in diverse conditions, including neuromuscular, movement, spinal, and metabolic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review disorders affecting axial muscle function.
  • To provide guidance on interpreting axial muscle imaging.
  • To suggest a diagnostic algorithm for evaluating axial muscle weakness.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of axial myopathy and related conditions.
  • Analysis of imaging findings in axial muscle disorders.
  • Development of a diagnostic algorithm based on clinical presentation and imaging.

Main Results:

  • Axial myopathy is under-recognized despite recent case descriptions.
  • Distinct patterns of axial muscle involvement are associated with various underlying pathologies.
  • Imaging plays a crucial role in identifying and characterizing axial muscle abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach is needed to diagnose axial myopathy.
  • Understanding axial muscle function and imaging is key.
  • The proposed diagnostic algorithm aids in evaluating patients with suspected axial muscle weakness.