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Differential Fowler-Nordheim Tunneling Dynamical System for Attojoule Sensing and Recording
Darshit Mehta, Barani Raman1, Shantanu Chakrabartty2
1Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA.
This study introduces a novel self-powered energy rectifier circuit using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. The system can detect and record low-energy signals, enabling new possibilities for biopotential energy harvesting and signal recording.
Area of Science:
- Electronics
- Materials Science
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Dynamical systems offer a pathway for developing efficient energy rectifiers.
- Existing recorders face limitations in detecting and utilizing ultra-low energy signals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To implement a time-domain, near-zero-threshold energy rectifier using a dynamical system.
- To demonstrate a circuit capable of sensing and recording low-energy signals with environmental compensation.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a pair of differential, leaky floating-gate dynamical systems.
- Implemented Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling current for the leakage process.
- Fabricated devices using a 0.5 μm standard CMOS process.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated signal modulation by energy levels below femtojoules.
- Showcased self-powering capability using biopotential energy sources.
- Achieved recording of 6 mV events with over 30 minutes of data retention.
Conclusions:
- The proposed FN-system enables self-powered recording of ultra-low energy biopotential signals.
- Signal modulation characteristics allow for potential input signal reconstruction.
- The technology offers a significant advancement for low-power sensing and energy harvesting applications.
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