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Beneficial effects of adenotonsillectomy in children with sickle cell disease

Ilaria Liguoro1, Michele Arigliani1, Bethany Singh2,3

  • 1Dept of Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy.

ERJ Open Research
|December 2, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) surgery in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) significantly improved overnight oxygen levels. The procedure also reduced the incidence of acute chest syndrome (ACS) within one year post-surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Hematology
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) is a common procedure for children with sickle cell disease (SCD).
  • The impact of T&A on overnight oxygenation and complication rates in SCD patients requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of T&A on nocturnal oxygen saturation in children with SCD.
  • To assess changes in complication rates, specifically acute chest syndrome (ACS) and vaso-occlusive pain episodes (VOEs), following T&A in SCD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 19 children with SCD who underwent T&A between 2008 and 2014.
  • Comparison of overnight pulse oximetry data and hospital admission rates for VOEs and ACS in the year before and after surgery.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in mean and nadir overnight oxygen saturation (SpO2) were observed post-T&A.
  • A notable reduction in the 3% oxygen desaturation index was recorded.
  • The annual rate of ACS decreased significantly, while hospitalizations for all causes and VOEs remained unaffected.

Conclusions:

  • T&A surgery positively impacts nocturnal oxygenation in children with SCD.
  • T&A is associated with a reduced incidence of acute chest syndrome within one year of the procedure.

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