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Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency
Samaneh Delavari1, Hassan Abolhassani2,3, Farhad Abolnezhadian4
1Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Insights
Pediatric patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) face a significantly higher mortality risk from COVID-19. Combined immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation in PID patients require urgent consideration for improved COVID-19 survival strategies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pediatrics
Background:
- COVID-19 poses a lower mortality risk for individuals under 50.
- The impact of COVID-19 on pediatric patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID).
- To assess mortality rates and identify specific PID types most affected by COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study utilizing a national registry of PID patients.
- Comparative analysis of infection incidence and mortality rates between PID patients and the general population.
Main Results:
- PID patients experienced a 1.23-fold higher incidence of infections compared to the general population.
- PID patients exhibited a 10-fold higher mortality rate from COVID-19.
- Combined immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation were identified as key factors contributing to higher mortality.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 presents a severe threat to pediatric patients with specific types of PID.
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunomodulatory agents are recommended for improved survival in affected PID patients.
Abstract:
Although it is estimated that COVID-19 life-threatening conditions may be diagnosed in less than 1:1000 infected individuals below the age of 50, but the real impact of this pandemic on pediatric patients with different types of primary immunodeficiency (PID) is not elucidated. The current prospective study on a national registry of PID patients showed that with only 1.23 folds higher incidence of infections, these patients present a 10-folds higher mortality rate compared to population mainly in patients with combined immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation. Therefore, further management modalities against COVID-19 should be considered to improve the survival rate in these two PID entities using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunomodulatory agents.
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